Channel 09 · Source register

BPC-157 References: Every Cited Study and Primary Source

The full reference register behind this console — peer-reviewed BPC-157 studies with PubMed and DOI identifiers, the 2024-2026 reviews and human pilots, and the FDA primary sources behind the legal-status page.

How this register is organized

These BPC-157 references are the complete citation set used across this console, each one resolvable to a primary source. The peptide studies carry PubMed IDs and DOIs; the regulatory sources are FDA.gov pages and one secondary legal analysis. Where the console states a number — a dose, a half-life, an inhibition ratio, a category — it maps to an entry here.

The register reflects the shape of the evidence itself: a deep preclinical core, a 2024-2026 layer of reviews and the first human pilots, and a regulatory block for the legal-status page. The full list follows.

  1. Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983.
  2. He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182.
  3. Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333.
  4. Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037.
  5. Chang CH, et al. The promoting effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on tendon healing involves tendon outgrowth, cell survival, and cell migration. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2011;110(3):774-780.
  6. Chang CH, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 enhances the growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts. Molecules. 2014;19(11):19066-19077.
  7. Gjurasin M, et al. Peptide therapy with pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in traumatic nerve injury. Regul Pept. 2010;160(1-3):33-41.
  8. Sikiric P, et al. Brain-gut Axis and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Theoretical and Practical Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2016;14(8):857-865.
  9. Hsieh MJ, et al. Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):17078.
  10. Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021.
  11. Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024.
  12. McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025.
  13. Sikiric P, et al. The Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Pleiotropic Beneficial Activity and Its Possible Relations with Neurotransmitter Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024;17(4):461.
  14. Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025.
  15. Tracheocutaneous Fistula Resolved by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy Through the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026;19(1):145.
  16. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (BPC-157 entry; list update effective September 29, 2023).
  17. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (Category 1 and Category 2 definitions; enforcement-discretion policy).
  18. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Interim Policy on Compounding Using Bulk Drug Substances Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (guidance; bulks-list nomination and PCAC framework).
  19. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (agenda listing BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C as substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List).
  20. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Compounding and the FDA: Questions and Answers (503A patient-specific compounding and 503B outsourcing-facility pathway; ingredient-eligibility requirements).
  21. McDermott Will & Emery. End of an Era: FDA Retires 2017 Interim Policies for Bulk Drug Lists (legal analysis of the January 7, 2025 FDA action).
  22. World Anti-Doping Agency. The Prohibited List (BPC-157 falls under the S0 non-approved-substances category, prohibited at all times in sport).