BPC-157 references: tendon, vessel and human studies

Three useful places to start

For the physical repair claim, start with Staresinic and colleagues’ rat Achilles study. For the proposed mechanism, open Hsieh and colleagues’ VEGFR2 experiments. For the human-data gap and replication concern, read McGuire and colleagues’ 2025 review.

The tendon experiment rewards a return visit because strength and organization were measured alongside function. The human reports on knee pain, interstitial cystitis and intravenous safety ask much smaller questions than the compound's reputation suggests.

The regulatory entries below address another argument entirely. A biological result cannot settle a pharmacy rule, and an FDA table cannot establish that a tendon healed.

Looking for a PMC7992657 citation?

This list has no entry with the identifier PMC7992657. Without a matching title or author, I cannot identify it as a BPC-157 source from these records alone. The citations below provide the paper titles and available DOI or PubMed identifiers for the studies discussed here.